Neurocytomas represent 0,25 to 0,5 of brain tumours. These tumours have neuronal differentiation. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-869.html It's a young adult disease. The main treatment is neurosurgery. The place of other therapies is still unclear, noticeably with regards to radiotherapy. This review aim is to determine the place and the modalities of radiotherapy in the management of neurocytomas. A literature search using PubMed allowed to select the most relevant studies. Finally, 22 studies were selected according to pre-established criteria to answer the problem. All studies were retrospective studies except one. The analysis conclusion defined radiotherapy as a treatment of choice in selected patients, when surgical resection was incomplete or when tumour was atypical.New concepts of medical consultations are currently disrupting the practice of medicine. The use of standardized questionnaires, or patient-reported outcome (PRO and ePRO) has already significantly changed the relationship between the physician and the patient. Telemedicine, or even automatic conversational agents, such as chatbots, are also providing more convenient access to care and medical information for many patients. These tools have a major impact in oncology, precisely because of the rising chronicity of the diseases the radiation oncologists treat. In this article, we provide a detailed analysis of these new concepts.Prescription and delivery of protons are somewhat different compared to photons and may influence outcomes (tumour control and toxicity). These differences should be taken into account to fully exploit the clinical potential of proton therapy. Innovations in proton therapy treatment are also required to widen the therapeutic window and determine appropriate populations of patients that would benefit from new treatments. Therefore, strategies are now being developed to reduce side effects to critical normal tissues using alternative treatment configurations and new spatial or temporal-driven optimisation approaches. Indeed, spatiotemporal optimisation (based on flash, proton minibeam radiation therapy or hypofractionated delivery methods) has been gaining some attention in proton therapy as a mean of improving (biological and physical) dose distribution. In this short review, the main differences in planning and delivery between protons and photons, as well as some of the latest developments and methodological issues (in silico modelling) related to providing scientific evidence for these new techniques will be discussed.Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) run a variable course through adolescence. While most affected individuals show some improvement, particularly of hyperactivity-impulsivity, symptoms of inattention are more persistent, and some individuals may meet diagnostic criteria for the first time during adolescence. Genetic factors affect adolescent symptom trajectories; those showing persistence likely carry a greater burden of common risk alleles. Rare structural genomic variants, such as copy number variants and point mutations, might also play a role. Although psychostimulant medication is associated with better functional outcomes, an impact on underlying adolescent symptom trajectories has been hard to demonstrate. At a neural level, several studies report that adolescents whose childhood ADHD symptoms have remitted are indistinguishable from neurotypical individuals. This finding could reflect the "carrying forward" of relatively typical childhood neural features among those destined for adolescent remission or the correction of early childhood anomalies with a convergence toward typical dimensions. Other studies have noted unique, possibly compensatory patterns of neural activity among adolescents whose ADHD has improved. Finally, different neural processes might occur in different brain regions. Thus, some functional imaging studies find that subcortical anomalies reflect the onset of ADHD and remain throughout life regardless of symptom change, whereas the variable clinical course of adolescent ADHD is determined by plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Integrating an understanding of the neural processes with genomic risk could elucidate the mechanisms underlying the complex course of adolescent ADHD.The COVID-19 pandemic and associated response measures have led to unprecedented challenges for service providers working with vulnerable children and families around the world.
The goal of the present study was to better understand the impact of the pandemic and associated response measures on vulnerable children and families and provide data-informed recommendations for public and private service providers working with this population.
Representatives from 87 non-government organizations (NGOs) providing a variety of direct services (i.e. residential care, family preservation, foster care, etc.) to 454,637 vulnerable children and families in 43 countries completed a brief online survey.
Using a mixed methods design, results examined 1) ways in which children and families have been directly impacted by COVID-19, 2) the impact of the pandemic on services provided by NGOs, 3) government responses and gaps in services for this population during the pandemic, and 4) strategies that have been effective in filling these gaps.
Data revealed that the pandemic and restrictive measures were associated with increased risk factors for vulnerable children and families, including not having access to vital services. The NGOs experienced government restrictions, decreased financial support, and inability to adequately provide services. Increased communication and supportive activities had a positive impact on both NGO staff and the families they serve.
Based on the findings, ten recommendations were made for service providers working with vulnerable children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Based on the findings, ten recommendations were made for service providers working with vulnerable children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic.The concept of a flow-through flap refers to a free flap in which both the proximal and distal ends of the vascular pedicle are anastomosed to provide blood flow to the distal tissues. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the use of this technique, which may be useful in selected cases of head and neck reconstruction. In certain situations, like bilateral resection of the base of the tongue involving both lingual arteries, the application of a flow-through forearm free flap can provide an anatomical and functional restoration of the defect while revascularizing the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. We review this technique, which was used in a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of the tongue with excellent results.